Course: CSCI 1210

The Internet

Started in 1962 as ARPANET to connect computers from 4 universities
- UCLA & Stanford, and Utah and UCSB later on
In the 1980s, it became public to personal computers
Data is sent in packets rather than the entire content at once,
- This helps data be send quicker, since the data is transmitted in chunks rather than the whole at once

CERN

In 1989, Tim Bernes-Lee at CERN helped standardize web technologies including HTML, HTTP, and URI.

timeline
	1990: First website created in CERN
	1991: Allowed access from outside of CERN
	1993: CERN established that WWW would be royality-free

Protocols

IP → Internet Protocol
- Specifies how data is transmitted
IP addresses → unique identifiers for machines, similar to phone numbers
- IPv4 - 4 chunks of numbers from $0 \to 2^{8} - 1 (255)$
  - IE: 192.168.1.1 or 127.0.0.1
- IPv6 - 6 chunks of hexadecimal data
  - IE: 2001:0000:130F:0000:0000:09C0:876A:130B
HTTP → Hypertext Transmission Protocol
HTTPs → Hypertext Transmission Protocol Secured
FTP → File Transfer Protocol

Domains

Domain names connect IP addresses to domains (IE: google.com goes to 64.233.177.138)
Generic TLD established in 2005
- Generic TLDs include .fun, .cool, etc.
In 2012, companies could submit ownership for TLDs
URL → Uniform Resource Locator

Assignment

Lecture 1 Quiz